Low back pain is a widespread issue that can severely impact sleep, work performance, and daily activities. The pain may be localized to the lower back or radiate down the legs. Common causes include muscle spasms, herniated discs, lumbar spinal stenosis, and arthritis. Sciatica often occurs alongside low back pain, and fractures may result from trauma or osteoporosis. Physical therapy is typically the preferred non-surgical treatment option for managing low back pain.